This part is absolutely fascinating. So based on info in this thread, for 2019 it's the same engine for both North America and EU markets which is Direct Injection (no more multiport for EU). As of now, we have extensive reports of stalling from both US and Canada cars, minimal reports of stalling from EU market cars, and minimal reports of stalling from Mexico market cars.
I assume EU market engines are made in Germany and North American market engines are made in Mexico, now to identical specs? But if it were a difference in manufacturing capability, Mexico market cars should have the same incidence rates as the US/Canada cars.
Your graph rules out Sulfur content since while US and Canada do have higher allowed Sulfur content as compared to the EU, Mexico's is even higher, so barring some weird non-linear relationship in the tune with Sulfur, you'd expect Mexico to have an even higher stalling rate compared to US/Canada engines.
What else could be different? I have no data so this is just a question, but does Ethanol content vary widely between the US and EU? EtOH is an octane booster and to the best of my knowledge is only compulsory during the cold weather months across most of the US.
To the bolded, I think EU GTIs are tuned with a bit more stock HP, no? At least, they were for Mk7, where PP cars gave 10hp more than US versions?
Not sure if the 8hp bump with the 2019s just brings them all up to what stock EU MK7s have always had...