Heat soak? What is that?
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Feel free to add something, if I'm missing a major point--
It's when the heat from the engine builds up, increasing the ambient temperature of the engine bay.
That means the air (which is ideally cold) being pulled in by the intake/induction is already hot.
This impacts a couple of things.
Old school rule of thumb says +10f increase in ambient above air temp institutes a loss of 1bhp (old thinking, it's a lot less linear than it used to be, in actuality).
The basis of the loss is to do with:
- the air/fuel ratios calibrated by the ECU (hotter air has less oxygen per unit of volume due to thinness),
- the viscosity of the oil under high temp
- the dissipation of the heat into the cooling systems, blah blah nitty grittys
TL;DR basically it creates inefficiency. All of these things cause a knock-on effect creating timing issues.
It's a real issue with big blocks, iron blocks and Vtech. Not much of an issue with >3l engines (with the exception of vtech). Sitting in traffic will be the main cause of it in our uses.