Yes, the question is how quick this actually happens and how the car runs during this time. It takes about 2-3 miles for my ethanol content to stabilize after a refill.
well, the fuel quality adaptation, from what i can tell, is already enabled from the factory even when using gasoline.
so (in theory) it will be about the same time as when you refill with 91 octane after having burned through a tank of top tier 93 octane.
the car also knows the volume of fuel in the lines and factors this into the equation when running the calculation.
so if you re-fuel the car, and then immediately rip it out of the petrol station, the car is still burning the previous tank of fuel and then there is no concern.
i will assume that under most conditions the car will have at least a small amount of down time, normal rpm cruising after a re-fuel, to learn the fuel quality content. IE: you could not find ethanol on the highway exit and had to fill with 91, then pull back out on to the highway.
on a personal note, i do not think the engineers would include a feature that would be anywhere near considered un-safe, no matter the conditions.