When you drive does the radiator actually get hot? Mine after a short drive with a few pulls quickly gets to the point I don't want to touch it.
I'm trying to find it but when the coolant is cold it is not sent through the radiator to speed warmup. It sounds like your car could be stuck in this mode
I would ensure all electrical connections on the thermostat are fully seated, besides that, you could have a faulty t-stat.
Edit - Found it, this goes into detail about exactly how the t-stat works
https://procarmanuals.com/vag-ssp-606-audi-1-8l-2-0l-tfsi-engine/
On page 35 you can see the different coolant modes the car goes into, sounds like it is stuck in one of them. I'll try to see if there is a test procedure for N493 the motor that changes the coolant valves
Edit 2 - Above 235F the t-stat has an 'emergency' wax capsule that melts which will completely bypass the valve system and allow water to flow to the radiators. So I guess this is a hard limit to these cars, as if that melts you will need to replace the thermostat